South America Entry Requirements

Visa, immigration, and customs information

South America is a diverse continent comprising 12 independent countries and 3 dependent territories, each with its own distinct entry requirements and immigration policies. While many South American nations have adopted relatively open visa policies to encourage tourism and business travel, requirements vary significantly depending on your nationality and destination country. Most visitors from North America, Europe, and other developed nations can enter the majority of South American countries visa-free for tourism purposes, typically for stays of 90 days. The immigration process across South America generally follows standard international procedures, though efficiency and modernization levels vary by country. Major international airports in cities like São Paulo, Buenos Aires, Lima, and Bogotá have well-established immigration facilities, while smaller entry points may have more limited resources. Travelers should be prepared to present valid travel documents, proof of onward travel, and evidence of sufficient funds for their stay. Before traveling to South America, it's essential to verify the specific requirements for each country you plan to visit, as regulations can differ substantially even between neighboring nations. Some countries have reciprocity fees for certain nationalities, while others require yellow fever vaccination certificates if arriving from endemic areas. Regional agreements like Mercosur facilitate easier movement between member states for their citizens, but these benefits don't typically extend to foreign tourists. Always check the latest entry requirements with official government sources, as policies can change with little notice.

Visa Requirements

Entry permissions vary by nationality. Find your category below.

Visa requirements for South American countries vary significantly by destination and traveler nationality. Most South American nations maintain visa-free policies for tourists from major Western countries, though some require electronic authorizations or traditional visas. Requirements are based on reciprocity agreements and diplomatic relationships.

Visa-Free Entry

Typically 90 days within a 180-day period, though this varies by country

Citizens of most Western nations can enter the majority of South American countries without a visa for tourism purposes. This includes countries like Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Uruguay, and Paraguay for most visitors.

Includes

United States Canada United Kingdom European Union member states Australia New Zealand Japan South Korea Israel Mexico

Brazil eliminated visa requirements for US, Canadian, Australian, and Japanese citizens as of April 2024. Bolivia requires visas for many nationalities that other South American countries admit visa-free. Venezuela's visa policies are complex and frequently changing. Always verify requirements for your specific nationality and destination country.

Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA/eVisa)

Varies by country, typically 30-90 days

Some South American countries have introduced or are implementing electronic visa systems for certain nationalities

Includes

Varies by country - some nations from Africa, Asia, and Middle East Specific requirements depend on destination country

How to Apply: Applications are typically submitted online through official government portals 2-4 weeks before travel. Processing usually takes 3-10 business days. Applicants need a valid passport, travel itinerary, and payment method.
Cost: Ranges from $30-$160 USD depending on country and nationality

Brazil introduced an e-Visa system for some nationalities. Chile and Argentina offer online visa applications for certain countries. Suriname requires e-visas for many nationalities. Always apply well in advance of travel dates.

Visa Required

Typically 30-90 days depending on visa type and country

Some nationalities require traditional visa applications for certain South American countries. Bolivia requires visas for US, Canadian, and some European citizens. Venezuela requires visas from most nationalities.

How to Apply: Applications must be submitted to the embassy or consulate of the destination country. Required documents typically include passport valid for 6 months, application form, photos, proof of accommodation, return ticket, bank statements, and visa fee. Processing can take 5-30 business days.

Bolivia offers visas on arrival at some entry points for eligible nationalities (approximately $160 USD for US citizens). French Guiana, as a French territory, follows Schengen visa requirements. Requirements change frequently based on diplomatic relations.

Arrival Process

Upon arrival in South America, travelers will go through immigration and customs procedures. The process is generally straightforward for those with proper documentation, though wait times and efficiency vary by entry point and time of day. Major international airports have dedicated lanes for different passport types, while land borders may have simpler facilities.

Arrival and Disembarkation

After landing or arriving at the border, follow signs to immigration (Inmigración/Migración). On the flight or before arrival, you'll receive an arrival/departure card (Tarjeta Andina de Migración in some countries) to complete with your personal details and travel information.

Immigration Control

Present your passport, completed arrival card, and any required documentation (return ticket, accommodation proof) to the immigration officer. They will verify your documents, may ask questions about your visit, and stamp your passport with the permitted stay duration. Keep your departure card safe as you'll need it when leaving.

Baggage Claim

Collect your checked luggage from the designated carousel. Report any missing or damaged bags to your airline's baggage service counter immediately before proceeding to customs.

Customs Declaration

Proceed to customs (Aduana) with your completed customs declaration form. You may go through the green 'nothing to declare' channel or red 'goods to declare' channel. Some countries use a random selection system where a traffic light determines if your bags are inspected.

Exit and Ground Transportation

After clearing customs, you'll enter the public arrivals area where you can access taxis, buses, rental cars, or meet greeters. Use only authorized transportation services, especially in major cities.

Documents to Have Ready

Valid Passport

Must be valid for at least 6 months beyond your intended stay. Some countries require blank pages for stamps (typically 2-3 pages).

Return or Onward Ticket

Proof of departure from the country, either to your home country or onward destination. Airlines may check this before boarding, and immigration may request it.

Proof of Accommodation

Hotel reservation, hostel booking, or letter of invitation if staying with friends/family. First night's accommodation is usually sufficient.

Proof of Sufficient Funds

Bank statements, credit cards, or cash to demonstrate you can support yourself during your stay. Requirements vary but typically $50-100 per day.

Yellow Fever Certificate

Required if arriving from or transiting through yellow fever endemic areas. Some countries require it for entry to certain regions (e.g., Amazon areas).

Visa or Authorization

If required for your nationality, have your visa approval, e-visa confirmation, or documents for visa-on-arrival readily accessible.

Tips for Smooth Entry

Keep all important documents (passport, tickets, hotel confirmations) in an easily accessible place, not packed in checked luggage.

Make copies of your passport and important documents, storing them separately from the originals. Digital copies in cloud storage are also recommended.

Have addresses written in Spanish/Portuguese - knowing the name and address of your first accommodation is essential for immigration forms.

Carry some local currency or US dollars for immediate expenses, as not all airports have currency exchange or ATMs in the arrivals area.

Be polite and patient with immigration officers. Answer questions clearly and honestly. Avoid jokes about illegal activities or contraband.

Don't lose your departure card - you'll need it when leaving the country. Some travelers tape it to their passport page.

Take a photo of your passport stamp showing your permitted stay duration, so you know when you must exit.

If traveling overland between countries, ensure you complete exit formalities at one country before entering the next, as border posts may be several kilometers apart.

Customs & Duty-Free

Customs regulations vary across South American countries, but general principles are similar. Travelers are allowed to bring personal items and limited quantities of goods for personal use duty-free. All countries prohibit certain items and restrict others. Failure to declare required items can result in fines, confiscation, or legal issues.

Alcohol

Typically 1-2 liters of alcoholic beverages (wine, spirits, or beer)

Must be 18+ years old (21+ in some jurisdictions). Limits vary by country - Chile allows 2.5 liters, while Brazil allows 12 liters of beer or wine.

Tobacco

Usually 200-400 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 250g of tobacco

Age restrictions apply (18+). Some countries like Argentina allow 400 cigarettes, while others permit only 200. Cannot be for commercial purposes.

Currency

Amounts over $10,000 USD (or equivalent) must be declared

Both local and foreign currency combined. Declaration doesn't prohibit bringing money but is required for amounts above threshold. Undeclared amounts may be seized.

Gifts/Goods

Personal goods and gifts typically valued up to $300-$500 USD

Must be for personal use, not for sale. New items in commercial packaging may be questioned. Electronics and expensive items should be declared if new.

Perfume

Small quantities for personal use only

Typically limited to opened bottles or small amounts. Large quantities may be considered commercial.

Medication

Reasonable quantities for personal use during stay

Should be in original packaging with prescription. Controlled substances require special documentation. Carry doctor's letter for significant quantities.

Prohibited Items

Illegal drugs and narcotics - South American countries have strict drug laws with severe penalties
Firearms and ammunition - require special permits and are generally prohibited for tourists
Endangered species products - items made from protected animals, plants, or their parts (CITES regulations)
Counterfeit goods - fake designer items, pirated media, or fraudulent products
Fresh fruits, vegetables, and plant materials - agricultural restrictions to prevent pests and diseases
Meat and dairy products - from most countries due to disease prevention (varies by origin)
Pornographic materials - particularly those involving minors
Certain chemicals and hazardous materials - explosives, toxic substances, flammable materials

Restricted Items

Prescription medications - require original packaging, prescription, and doctor's letter for large quantities or controlled substances
Professional equipment - cameras, drones, and professional gear may require temporary import permits or deposits
Drones and UAVs - many countries require permits; some ban them entirely. Check specific country regulations
Pets and animals - require health certificates, vaccination records, and import permits obtained in advance
Archaeological artifacts and antiques - export of cultural heritage items is heavily restricted or prohibited
Plants and seeds - require phytosanitary certificates and import permits
Radio communication devices - some frequencies are restricted; amateur radio equipment may need permits
Large amounts of currency - amounts over declaration threshold must be reported but are not prohibited

Health Requirements

Health requirements for entering South American countries vary by destination and your travel history. While most countries don't require specific vaccinations for entry, some mandate yellow fever vaccination certificates, particularly if arriving from endemic areas. Travel health insurance is highly recommended and required by some countries.

Required Vaccinations

Yellow Fever - Required by several countries (Bolivia, French Guiana, Paraguay) if arriving from endemic areas. Brazil requires it for travelers visiting certain regions. Certificate must be at least 10 days old and is valid for life.
COVID-19 - Requirements vary by country and change frequently. Some countries have removed all COVID-19 entry requirements, while others may still require vaccination proof or testing. Check current requirements before travel.

Recommended Vaccinations

Yellow Fever - Recommended for travel to jungle/rural areas in most South American countries, even if not required for entry
Hepatitis A - Recommended for all travelers to South America due to potential food and water contamination
Typhoid - Recommended for most travelers, especially those visiting smaller cities or rural areas
Hepatitis B - Recommended for travelers who may have contact with blood or body fluids, or engage in medical procedures
Rabies - Recommended for travelers with extensive outdoor activities, working with animals, or visiting remote areas
Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) - Ensure routine vaccinations are up to date
Malaria prophylaxis - Recommended for travel to certain regions, particularly Amazon basin areas (not a vaccine, but preventive medication)

Health Insurance

Travel health insurance is strongly recommended for all visitors to South America and is mandatory for entry to some countries (Ecuador, Cuba). Insurance should cover medical treatment, hospitalization, and emergency medical evacuation, which can be extremely expensive. Some countries require proof of insurance covering COVID-19 treatment. Verify your policy covers adventure activities if planning activities like mountaineering, diving, or jungle trekking. US Medicare and many domestic health plans don't cover treatment abroad.

Current Health Requirements: Health entry requirements, particularly COVID-19 related measures, continue to evolve. Some countries have removed all pandemic-related restrictions, while others maintain testing, vaccination, or quarantine requirements. Check the official government health and immigration websites of your destination country 2-3 weeks before departure and again 48 hours before travel. Register with your embassy upon arrival for health and safety updates. Consider consulting a travel medicine specialist 4-6 weeks before departure for personalized advice based on your itinerary and health status.

Important Contacts

Essential resources for your trip.

Embassy/Consulate

Contact your country's embassy or consulate in your destination for citizen services, emergency assistance, and passport issues

Register with your embassy's traveler program (like STEP for US citizens) before departure. Keep embassy contact details and addresses accessible throughout your trip.

Immigration Authority

Each South American country has its own immigration authority (Dirección Nacional de Migraciones/Polícia Federal) for visa extensions, status changes, and official immigration matters

Visit official government websites (.gov, .gob domains) for accurate visa information. Avoid third-party visa services that may charge excessive fees for information available free.

Emergency Services

Emergency numbers vary by country: Argentina (911), Brazil (190 police/192 ambulance/193 fire), Chile (133 ambulance/132 fire/134 police), Colombia (123), Peru (105 police/116 ambulance/116 fire), Ecuador (911)

Program local emergency numbers into your phone upon arrival. In remote areas, emergency services may be limited or non-existent.

Tourist Police

Many South American cities have specialized tourist police (Policía de Turismo) who speak English and assist travelers with crimes, scams, and emergencies

Tourist police are particularly helpful for reporting theft, fraud, or harassment. They can assist with police reports needed for insurance claims.

Special Situations

Additional requirements for specific circumstances.

Traveling with Children

Children must have their own passport. Minors (under 18) traveling without both parents may need additional documentation. Brazil and Chile require notarized parental consent letters if a child travels with one parent or other adults. The letter should include both parents' details, child's information, travel dates, and companion details. Divorced or separated parents may need custody documents. Unaccompanied minors require airline-specific documentation and may need embassy authorization. Always carry children's birth certificates as proof of relationship.

Traveling with Pets

Pets entering South American countries require: health certificate issued by a licensed veterinarian (within 10 days of travel), rabies vaccination certificate (at least 30 days old but less than 12 months), import permit from destination country's agriculture ministry (obtained in advance), microchip identification (ISO standard), and parasite treatment documentation. Some countries require quarantine periods. Airlines have specific pet travel requirements and fees. Process can take 2-3 months, so plan well in advance. Service animals may have different requirements but still need health documentation.

Extended Stays

Tourist visas typically allow 90 days per entry or per 180-day period. Options for longer stays include: visa extensions (apply at immigration offices before current visa expires, fees $30-100, may require proof of funds and accommodation), border runs (exit and re-enter to reset tourist visa - not allowed in all countries and increasingly restricted), temporary residence visas (for work, study, retirement, or family reunification - apply through consulates), or student visas (if enrolled in educational programs). Overstaying can result in fines ($5-20 per day), entry bans, or deportation. Some countries like Argentina and Brazil are stricter about overstays than others.

Digital Nomads and Remote Workers

Several South American countries now offer digital nomad visas or temporary residence permits for remote workers: Brazil (1-year digital nomad visa), Colombia (digital nomad visa), Argentina (rental income/digital nomad provisions), and Ecuador (professional visa options). Requirements typically include proof of remote employment, minimum income ($1,500-3,000/month), health insurance, and clean criminal record. Tourist visas generally don't permit work, even remote work for foreign companies, though enforcement varies. Consult immigration lawyers for long-term arrangements.

Dual Citizens

Travelers with dual citizenship including a South American nationality must enter and exit that country using their South American passport. For example, US-Brazilian dual citizens must use their Brazilian passport when entering/exiting Brazil. This can affect visa requirements for other countries in your itinerary. Dual citizens may have different rights and obligations, including potential military service requirements. Consult with both countries' embassies about documentation requirements.

Journalists and Media Professionals

Journalists, film crews, and media professionals often require special work visas or permits, even for short assignments. Tourist visas don't cover professional media activities. Requirements include letters from media organizations, detailed itineraries, and sometimes government ministry approvals. Processing can take weeks or months. Some countries are sensitive about foreign media coverage. Entering on tourist visas to conduct journalism can result in deportation and equipment confiscation.

Planning your trip? Make sure you have the right travel insurance for South America Entry Requirements before you go.